WINDOWS SYSADMIN COMMANDS ( EXPLORER / CMD / POWERSHELL )
please use these tools with
caution, data loss can happen.
use help ( /?, /help, -?, -help, get-command) if necessary.
---
USEFUL COMMANDS ( POWERSHELL
):
( | out-gridview is optional )
| command | description |
|---|---|
| get-command * | list all powershell commands / aliases / help |
| get-process | shows all processes |
| stop-process -name [appname] | stop application / process by name |
| stop-process -id [appid] | stop application / process by id |
| calc | start calculator |
| cd c:\users\[username]\desktop | change current directory to users desktop |
| dir -name | list current directory files and forlders |
| chkdsk c: | checks disk drive c for errors !use with caution - read help before start! |
| get-service | shows all services |
| powershell_ise | start ps_ise utility - use it to learn powershell |
| taskmgr | start task-manager gui |
| whoami | shows hostname and current username |
| winver | shows build details about windows |
| get-childitem -path *.txt -recurse | list all txt-files (textfiles) from current directory and all subfolders |
| firewall | open windows firewall gui |
| get-date | shows date and time |
| get-disk | shows available disks |
| get-netadapter | shows available net interfaces |
| get-netipinterface | shows connections |
| get-ciminstance win32_computersystem | show information about host system |
| get-volume | list all disk volumes |
| systeminfo | host system information / check hyper-v requirements |
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DESKTOP / WORKSTATION / ( SERVER ) ( GUI
SETTINGS ):
( use windows search / run / powershell to input and start .msc applications )
| msc file | console | description |
|---|---|---|
| compmgmt.msc | computer management | includes system tools ( task scheduler, event viewer, shared folders, local users and groups, performance and device manager ), storage ( disk management ), and services and applications ( services and wmi control ) |
| devmgmt.msc | device manager | opens the device manager to manage hardware and devices |
| devmoderunasuserconfig.msc | ||
| diskmgmt.msc | disk management | opens disk management to administrate connected storage devices |
| eventvwr.msc | event viewer | opens the event viewer which displays operating system, software, and hardware events |
| fsmgmt.msc | shared folders | loads the list of shared folders, sessions, and open files |
| gpedit.msc | group policy editor | loads the group policy editor to manage system policies |
| lusrmgr.msc | local users and groups | interface to manage local users and user groups |
| perfmon.msc | performance monitor | loads the windows performance monitor |
| printmanagement.msc | print management | manage printers |
| secpol.msc | local security policy | loads policies such as account policies, public key policies, or advanced audit policy configuration |
| services.msc | services manager | loads the list of installed services to manage them |
| taskschd.msc | task scheduler | loads the task scheduler to manage tasks |
| wf.msc | windows firewall | starts windows firewall with advanced security |
| wmimgmt.msc | wmi management | configure and control the windows management instrumentation service |
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SERVER ( GUI SETTINGS ):
| msc file | console |
|---|---|
| adsiedit.msc | adsi edit |
| dnsmgmt.msc | dns manager |
| domain.msc | active directory domains and trust |
| dsa.msc | active directory users and computers |
| dssite.msc | active directory sites and services |
| gpmc.msc | group policy management |
| gpme.msc | group policy mangement editor |
| servermanager | server manager |
| wbadmin.msc | windows server backup |
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NETWORK COMMANDS ( CMD / POWERSHELL ):
| type | description |
|---|---|
| ping | test network host communication |
| netstat | test network communication |
| arp | map ip adresses to mac addresses |
| nbtstat | diagnose domain |
| hostname | display hostname |
| tracert | test network hosts communication |
| ipconfig /all | display host and network information |
| nslookup | diagnose dns |
| route | view routing tables |
| pathping | test and ping hosts |
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OTHER COMMANDS ( CMD / POWERSHELL ):
| type | description |
|---|---|
| diskpart | manage hard-drives |
| pnputil | manage drivers |
| icacls | manage permissions |
| bcdedit | boot configuration data editor |
| slmgr -rearm | renew windows lisence |
| driverquery | view installed drivers |
| gpupdate /force | update policies |
| control | open control panel |
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DISKPART COMMANDS ( CMD / POWERSHELL ):
| type | description |
|---|---|
| select disk 0 | select primary disk |
| list disk | shows disks |
| list partition | shows partitions of active disk |
| list volume | shows details about disks |
| detail disk | shows details about selected disk |
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KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS ( WIN = WINDOWS KEY ):
| press | action |
|---|---|
| WIN + D | show / hide desktop |
| WIN + E | show file explorer |
| WIN + I | show settings |
| WIN + R | show run |
| WIN + S | show search |
| WIN + T | switch applications |
| WIN + X | show command menu |
| WIN + Pause | show system |
| WIN + TAB | show / switch open applications |
| WIN + Arrows | change app layout |
| CTRL + SHIFT + ESC | task manager |
| ALT + F4 | close window |
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HIDE FILES / FOLDERS (POWERSHELL):
attrib +s +h *.* /D
UNHIDE FILES / FOLDERS (POWERSHELL):
attrib -s -h *.* /D
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[WIN] + r and type:
shell:startup
(Open folder with shortcuts to open applications on windows boot)
shell:appsfolder
(Open folder containing all application menu items)
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SUBNETTING (example in yellow):
| number of subnets: |
1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 256 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number of hosts per subnet: | 256 | 128 | 64 | 32 |
16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| subnet mask: | /24 | /25 | /26 | /27 | /28 | /29 | /30 | /31 | /32 |
| network ID: | subnet mask: | host ID range: | number of usable hosts: | broadcast ID: |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 192.168.4.0 | /26 | 192.168.4.1 - 192.168.4.62 | 62 | 192.168.4.63 |
| 192.168.4.64 | /26 | 192.168.4.65 - 192.168.4.126 | 62 | 192.168.4.127 |
| 192.168.4.128 | /26 | 192.168.4.129 - 192.168.4.190 | 62 | 192.168.4.191 |
| 192.168.4.192 | /26 | 192.168.4.193 - 192.168.4.254 | 62 | 192.168.4.255 |
| subnet mask: 255.255.255.192 wildcard mask: 0.0.0.63 binary subnet mask: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 IP / network class type: C CIDR notation: /26 |
||||
| CIDR subnet mask: | subnet mask: | binary subnet mask: |
|---|---|---|
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 |
| /25 | 255.255.255.128 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 |
| /26 | 255.255.255.192 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 |
| /27 | 255.255.255.224 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 |
| /28 | 255.255.255.240 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 |
| /29 | 255.255.255.248 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000 |
| /30 | 255.255.255.252 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100 |
| /31 | 255.255.255.254 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111110 |
| /32 | 255.255.255.255 | 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 |
Link (PDF): Networking Sertification Cheatsheet
Osi-Model short explanation
SysAdmin PowerShell script #01:
# This script displays information of host and checks network connection
# Author: http://henkka.info/domainmap# display host name:
Write-Host "-> 1/9 : Host name:"
whoami.exe# Display system information:
Write-Host "-> 2 / 9 : System information 1:"
systeminfo.exe# Display system information:
Write-Host "-> 3 / 9 : System information 2:"
get-ciminstance win32_computersystem# Display drive information:
Write-Host "-> 4 / 9 Drive information 1:"
Get-Volume# Display drive information:
Write-Host "-> 5 / 9 : Drive information 2:"
Get-Disk# Display host netwok adapter summary:
Write-Host "-> 6 / 9 : Network adapter information:"
Get-NetAdapter# Test local host network connectivity:
Write-Host "-> 7 / 9 : Test local host:"
ping 127.0.0.1# Display host network information:
Write-Host "-> 8 / 9 : Host network information:"
ipconfig.exe /all# Check network connection from host to Google server:
Write-Host "-> 9 / 9 : Test route to Google.fi:"
tracert.exe google.fi
SysAdmin PowerShell script #02:
# This script opens few settings GUI windows on windows host
# Author: http://henkka.info/domainmap# Open control panel:
control.exe# Open task manager:
Taskmgr.exe# Display windows version:
winver.exe# Open device manager:
devmgmt.msc# Open disk manager:
diskmgmt.msc# Open services gui:
services.msc
Use this command in Powershell if you can not run scripts:
Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted